Santiago Sierra-Castillo, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
Ricardo A. Orozco-Quintero, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín: Departamento de Cardiología y Hemodinamia, Clínica las Américas, AUNA, Medellín. Colombia
María A. Henao-Rincón, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín; Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
Juan C. Hoyos, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
David Aristizábal-Colorado, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad Libre, Cali; Grupo Investigación Medicina Interna (GIMI1), Universidad Libre, Cali. Colombia; Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Cardiovascular ICCCProgram, Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been demonstrated that the risk of recurrent acute myocardial infarction is related to modifiable risk factors. Despite management and prevention guidelines, adherence to established goals remains unsatisfactory. Objective: To understand the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on complications and changes in the quality of life of the patients. Materials and method: Prospective cohort study involving 49 patients with acute myocardial infarction between December 2020 and March 2021. Follow-ups were conducted at three and six months. Subsequently, univariate, bivariate, and binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between variables and the presence of cardiovascular complications. Results: 47% of the included patients had acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, and 26.5% had acute myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation and unstable angina. At the three-month follow- up, three deaths were recorded (6.1%), two of which were caused by a new cardiovascular event. The higher risk of cardiovascular complications at the six-month follow-up was observed among patients with NYHA functional class II (RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.28-1.65) and those not engaging in physical activity (RR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.37-1.81). These two factors were the most significant in explaining the presence of cardiovascular complications. Conclusions: Lack of physical activity and functional class are factors with proven evidence to consider. Physical activity, as a modifiable factor, must be emphasized during both hospitalization and ambulatory care to achieve favorable short and long-term clinical outcomes.
Keywords: Cardiac complications. Acute coronary syndrome. Acute myocardial infarction. Risk factors. Quality of life.
